如何在CentOS上编译LAMP环境？-HCRM博客

在CentOS 7上编译和部署LAMP（Linux + Apache + MySQL/MariaDB + PHP）环境是一个复杂但非常灵活的过程，以下是详细的步骤，包括安装所需的软件包、编译各个组件以及配置服务。

一、需求及环境准备

1. 版本需求

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软件	版本
CentOS	7.6
Apache	2.4.37
MySQL	5.7.25
PHP	7.1.33
OpenSSL	1.1.1i
Curl	7.74.0

2. 环境准备

确保主机名设置正确：hostnamectl sethostname static LAMPServer

关闭防火墙：systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld

禁用SELinux：setenforce 0

二、安装编译工具和开发包

yum y install epelrelease
yum y install make gcc gccc++ openssl openssldevel expatdevel pcredevel libtoolltdldevel freetypedevel libpngdevel gddevel libcurldevel libxsltdevel y

三、编译和安装OpenSSL

1. 下载并解压OpenSSL源码

cd /usr/local/src
wget https://www.openssl.org/source/openssl1.1.1i.tar.gz
tar xf openssl1.1.1i.tar.gz
cd openssl1.1.1i

2. 编译并安装OpenSSL

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./config shared prefix=/usr/local/openssl1.1.1i && make && make install
ln s /usr/local/openssl1.1.1i/bin/openssl /usr/bin/openssl
echo "/usr/local/openssl1.1.1i/lib" >> /etc/ld.so.conf
/sbin/ldconfig

四、编译和安装Apache

1. 下载并解压Apache及其依赖的源码

cd /usr/local/src
wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/apr/apr1.7.0.tar.gz
wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/apr/aprutil1.6.1.tar.gz
wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/httpd/httpd2.4.43.tar.gz
tar xf apr1.7.0.tar.gz C /usr/local/src/
tar xf aprutil1.6.1.tar.gz C /usr/local/src/
tar xf httpd2.4.43.tar.gz C /usr/local/src/

2. 编译并安装APR和APRutil

cd /usr/local/src/apr1.7.0
./configure prefix=/usr/local/apr
make && make install
cd /usr/local/src/aprutil1.6.1
./configure prefix=/usr/local/aprutil withapr=/usr/local/apr/bin/apr1config
make && make install

3. 编译并安装Apache

cd /usr/local/src/httpd2.4.43
./configure prefix=/usr/local/apache enableso enablerewrite enablessl withapr=/usr/local/apr withaprutil=/usr/local/aprutil withpcre=/usr/local/pcre enablemodules=most enablempmsshared=all withmpm=event
make && make install

4. 创建启动脚本并启动Apache服务

cp /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl /etc/init.d/apachectl
chmod +x /etc/init.d/apachectl
chkconfig add apachectl
systemctl start apachectl

五、编译和安装PHP

1. 下载并解压PHP源码

cd /usr/local/src
wget https://www.php.net/distributions/php7.2.31.tar.gz
tar xf php7.2.31.tar.gz
cd php7.2.31

2. 编译并安装PHP

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./configure prefix=/usr/local/php withmysqli=/usr/local/mysql enablembstring withcurl withopenssl withzlib enablesockets enablezip withfreetypedir withjpegdir withpngdir withgd enablegdnativettf withbz2=/usr enablebcmath withmcrypt withcurl withapxs2=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs withconfigfilepath=/usr/local/php withconfigfilescandir=/usr/local/php/etc
make && make install

3. 配置PHP

cp sapi/php.ini /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini

六、编译和安装MySQL

1. 下载并解压MySQL源码

cd /usr/local/src
wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysqlboost5.7.25.tar.gz
tar xf mysqlboost5.7.25.tar.gz
cd mysql5.7.25

2. 编译并安装MySQL

cmake . DDOWNLOADS_FROM_MYSQL_NETWORK_REPO=1 DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci DWITH_INNODB_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 DINSTALL_LAYOUT=STANDALONE DINSTALL_DOCREADMEFILE=YES DINSTALL_MANPAGES=YES DINSTALL_READMESQL=YES DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock DMYSQL_USER=mysql j4
make && make install
groupadd mysql
useradd r g mysql s /bin/false mysql
cp supportfiles/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
chkconfig add mysqld

3. 初始化数据库并启动MySQL服务

cd /usr/local/mysql/bin
./mysqld initialize user=mysql
systemctl start mysqld

七、配置虚拟主机和测试LAMP环境

编辑Apache配置文件/usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf，添加以下内容：

DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs"
<Directory "/usr/local/apache/htdocs">
    Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
    AllowOverride None
    Require all granted
</Directory>

启动Apache服务并测试：

systemctl restart apachectl
curl I http://localhost

如果返回HTTP头信息，说明LAMP环境配置成功。

八、FAQs

Q1: 为什么需要编译安装LAMP，而不是使用包管理器？

A1: 编译安装LAMP环境提供了更高的灵活性和控制权，可以根据具体需求定制各个组件的配置和功能，编译安装可以确保使用最新的稳定版本，并且避免了包管理器中可能存在的版本滞后问题。

Q2: 如何更改Apache默认的文档根目录？

A2: 编辑Apache配置文件/usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf，找到DocumentRoot 指令并修改为新的路径，将DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs" 改为DocumentRoot "/var/www"，然后重新启动Apache服务使更改生效：systemctl restart apachectl。