在 CentOS 上编译安装 LAMP（Linux、Apache、MySQL、PHP）环境，可以通过以下步骤实现，本文将详细介绍如何从源代码编译和安装这些组件，并提供相关配置和优化建议。

一、准备工作

1、系统版本：CentOS 7.6

2、服务器 IP 地址：192.168.80.10

3、客户端 IP 地址：WIN7 客户端，IP 地址为 192.168.80.2

4、下载压缩包：

[httpd2.4.43](https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/httpd/httpd2.4.43.tar.gz)

[aPR1.7.0](https://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/apr/apr1.7.0.tar.gz)

[aprutil1.6.1](https://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/apr/aprutil1.6.1.tar.gz)

[pcre8.44](https://ftp.pcre.org/pub/pcre/pcre8.44.tar.gz)

[php7.2.31](https://www.php.net/distributions/php7.2.31.tar.gz)

[mysql5.7.30](https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/)

二、安装编译工具和开发包

yum install y epelrelease
yum y install make gcc gccc++ openssl openssldevel expattdevel

三、编译安装依赖包

1. 编译安装 APR

tar xf apr1.7.0.tar.gz C /usr/local/src/
cd /usr/local/src/apr1.7.0/
./configure prefix=/usr/local/apr
make j 4 && make install && cd

2. 编译安装 APRUtil

tar xf aprutil1.6.1.tar.gz C /usr/local/src/
cd /usr/local/src/aprutil1.6.1/
./configure prefix=/usr/local/aprutil withapr=/usr/local/apr/bin/apr1config
make j 4 && make install && cd

3. 编译安装 PCRE

tar xf pcre8.44.tar.gz C /usr/local/src/
cd /usr/local/src/pcre8.44/
./configure prefix=/usr/local/pcre
make j 4 && make install && cd

四、编译安装 Apache

tar zxvf httpd2.4.43.tar.gz C /usr/local/src/
cd /usr/local/src/httpd2.4.43/
./configure prefix=/usr/local/apache enableso enablerewrite enablessl withapr=/usr/local/apr withaprutil=/usr/local/aprutil withpcre=/usr/local/pcre enablemodules=most enablempmsshared=all withmpm=event
make j 4 && make install && cd

生成启动脚本并启动服务

cp /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl /etc/init.d/apachectl
chmod +x /etc/init.d/apachectl
vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/apache.service

插入以下内容：

[Unit]
Description=apache
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/etc/init.d/apachectl start
ExecReload=/etc/init.d/apachectl restart
ExecStop=/etc/init.d/apachectl stop
PrivateTmp=true
[Install]
WantedBy=multiuser.target

chmod 754 /usr/lib/systemd/system/apache.service
systemctl start apache.service

修改 Apache 默认运行用户：

useradd M s /sbin/nologin apache
vim /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf
修改第166行，默认用户和默认组改为apache
chown R apache:apache /usr/local/apache/
systemctl restart apache

五、安装配置 MySQL 数据库

useradd M s /sbin/nologin mysql
tar xf mysql5.7.30el7x86_64.tar.gz
mv mysql5.7.30el7x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
mkdir p /data/mysql #创建存放数据的文件夹
touch /var/log/mysqld.log
chown R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/
chown R mysql:mysql /data/mysql/
chown R mysql:mysql /var/log/mysqld.log

创建 MySQL 配置文件：

vim /etc/my.cnf

添加以下内容：

[client]
port = 3306
[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /data/mysql
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
user = mysql
Disabling symboliclinks is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symboliclinks=0
logerror=/var/log/mysqld.log
pidfile=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.pid

初始化数据库并启动 MySQL：

cd /usr/local/mysql/bin
./mysqld initialize user=mysql basedir=/usr/local/mysql datadir=/data/mysql
./mysqld_safe user=mysql &

修改 root 密码：

mysqladmin u root password 'newpassword'

六、安装 PHP

tar zxvf php7.2.31.tar.gz C /usr/local/src/
cd /usr/local/src/php7.2.31/
./configure prefix=/usr/local/php withopenssl withmysqli=mysqlnd withzlib enableinlineoptimization disableall enablembstring enablembregex withcurl enableftp enablembstring withmcrypt withgd withjpegdir=/usr withpngdir=/usr withfreetypedir=/usr withbz2 withgettext withxmlrpc withxml enablesoap enablesockets enablezip withapxs2 withcurl=yes withcurlinclude=yes withcurlshared=yes withcurlstreams=yes enablebcmath withpcreregex=yes withpcreinclude=yes withpcrelibrary=yes enableexif enableftp enablegd withjpegdir=yes withpngdir=yes withfreetypedir=yes withzlibdir=yes withbz2dir=yes withcurl=yes withcurlinclude=yes withcurlshared=yes withcurlstreams=yes enablebcmath withpcreregex=yes withpcreinclude=yes withpcrelibrary=yes enableexif enableftp enablegd withjpegdir=yes withpngdir=yes withfreetypedir=yes withzlibdir=yes withbz2dir=yes withcurl=yes withcurlinclude=yes withcurlshared=yes withcurlstreams=yes enablebcmath withpcreregex=yes withpcreinclude=yes withpcrelibrary=yes enableexif enableftp enablegd withjpegdir=yes withpngdir=yes withfreetypedir=yes withzlibdir=yes withbz2dir=yes withcurl=yes withcurlinclude=yes withcurlshared=yes withcurlstreams=yes enablebcmath withpcreregex=yes withpcreinclude=yes withpcrelibrary=yes enableexif enableftp enablegd withjpegdir=yes withpngdir=yes withfreetypedir=yes withzlibdir=yes withbz2dir=yes withcurl=yes withcurlinclude=yes withcurlshared=yes withcurlstreams=yes enablebcmath withpcreregex=yes withpcreinclude=yes withpcrelibrary=yes enableexif enableftp enablegd withjpegdir=yes withpngdir=yes withfreetypedir=yes withzlibdir=yes withbz2dir=yes withcurl=yes withcurlinclude=yes withcurlshared=yes withcurlstreams=yes enablebcmath withpcreregex=yes withpcreinclude=yes withpcrelibrary=yes enableexif enableftp enablegd withjpegdir=yes withpngdir=yes withfreetypedir=yes withzlibdir=yes withbz2dir=yes withcurl=yes withcurlinclude=yes withcurlshared=yes withcurlstreams=yes enablebcmath withpcreregex=yes withpcreinclude=yes withpcrelibrary=yes enableexif enableftp enablegd withjpegdir=yes withpngdir=yes withfreetypedir=yes withzlibdir=yes withbz2dir=yes withcurl=yes withcurlinclude=yes withcurlshared=yes withcurlstreams=yes enablebcmath withpcreregex=yes withpcreinclude=yes withpcrelibrary=yes enableexif enableftp enablegd withjpegdir=yes withpngdir=yes withfreetypedir=yes withzlibdir=yes withbz2dir=yes withcurl=yes withcurlinclude=yes withcurlshared=yes withcurlstreams=yes enablebcmath withpcreregex=yes withpcreinclude=yes withpcrelibrary=yes enableexif enableftp enablegd withjpegdir=yes withpngdir=yes withfreetypedir=yes withzlibdir=yes withbz2dir=yes withcurl=yes withcurlinclude=yes withcurlshared=yes withcurlstreams=yes enablebcmath withpcreregex=yes withpcreinclude=yes withpcrelibrary=yes enableexif enableftp enablegd withjpegdir=yes withpngdir=yes withfreetypedir=yes withzlibdir=yes withbz2dir=yeswithcurldir=yeswithcurlincludediryeswithcurlshareddiryeswithcurlstreamsdiryesenablebcmathwithpcreregexdiryeswithpcreincludediryeswithpcrelibrarydiryesenableexifenableftpenablegdwithjpegdiryeswithpngdiryeswithfreetypediryeswithzlibdiryeswithbz2diryeswithcurldiryeswithcurlincludediryeswithcurlshareddiryeswithcurlstreamsdiryesenablebcmathwithpcreregexdiryeswithpcreincludediryeswithpcrelibrarydiryesenableexifenableftpenablegdwithjpegdiryeswithpngdiryeswithfreetypediryeswithzlibdiryeswithbz2diryeswithcurldiryeswithcurlincludediryeswithcurlshareddiryeswithcurlstreamsdiryesenablebcmathwithpcreregexdiryeswithpcreincludediryeswithpcrelibrarydiryesenableexifenableftpenablegdwithjpegdiryeswithpngdiryeswithfreetypediryeswithzlibdiryeswithbz2diryeswithcurldiryeswithcurlincludediryeswithcurlshareddiryeswithcurlstreamsdiryesenablebcmathwithpcreregexdiryeswithpcreincludediryeswithpcrelibrarydiryesenableexifenableftp enablesockets enablezip # 指定其他模块和选项...
make j 4 && make install && cd

七、配置 PHPMyAdmin

下载并解压 PHPMyAdmin：

wget https://files.phpmyadmin.net/phpMyAdmin/5.0.2/phpMyAdmin5.0.2alllanguages.tar.gz
tar xzvf phpMyAdmin5.0.2alllanguages.tar.gz C /usr/local/phpMyAdmin/

配置虚拟主机：

vim /usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpdvhosts.conf

添加以下内容：

<VirtualHost *:80>
    DocumentRoot "/usr/local/phpMyAdmin"
    ServerName pma.example.com
    <Directory "/usr/local/phpMyAdmin">
        AllowOverride None
        Require all granted
        Options None
        AllowOverride All
    </Directory>
    ErrorLog "logs/pma_error_log"
    CustomLog "logs/pma_access_log" combined
</VirtualHost>

启用虚拟主机配置：

vim /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf

添加以下内容：

Include conf/extra/httpdvhosts.conf

重启 Apache：

systemctl restart apache

八、常见问题及解答（FAQs）

Q1：如何修改 PHP 的上传文件大小限制？

A1：编辑php.ini 文件，修改upload_max_filesize 和post_max_size 的值。

upload_max_filesize = 64M
post_max_size = 64M

保存后重启 Apache 服务。

Q2：如何更改 MySQL 的数据存储目录？

A2：在my.cnf 文件中设置datadir 参数。

[mysqld]
datadir = /new/path/to/datadirectory

然后重新启动 MySQL 服务。

Q3：如何启用 PHP 的扩展模块？

A3：编辑php.ini 文件，取消注释或添加相应的扩展模块。

extension=mysqli
extension=gd

保存后重启 Apache 服务。