在CentOS上安装OpenStack是一个复杂但非常值得的过程,以下是详细的步骤和注意事项,确保您能够成功部署OpenStack:
环境准备
1、硬件要求:
控制节点:4核CPU,8GB内存,20GB硬盘。
计算节点:2核CPU,4GB内存,20GB硬盘。
2、网络要求:
至少一套网络,使用Vmware虚拟机的网络即可。
3、操作系统要求:
建议使用CentOS 7,OpenStack开源版本均支持大部分开源操作系统,如CentOS、Ubuntu、SUSE等。
前置操作
1、关闭防火墙和SELinux:
```bash
systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disaBLe firewalld
vim /etc/selinux/config
# 将 SELINUX=enforcing 改为 SELINUX=disabled
setenforce 0
reboot
```
2、配置主机名和hosts文件:
```bash
hostnamectl sethostname pretty controller
hostnamectl sethostname static controller
hostnamectl sethostname transient controller
vi /etc/hosts
192.168.44.3 controller
192.168.44.4 compute1
192.168.44.5 compute2
```
3、安装OpenStack及Ceph的yum源:
```bash
yum install centosreleaseopenstacktrain
yum clean all && yum makecache
```
4、配置时间同步ntpd:
```bash
yum y install ntp
systemctl start ntpd
systemctl enable ntpd
ntpdate ntp1.aliyun.com
```
安装OpenStack组件
1、安装RabbitMQ:
```bash
yum install rabbitmqserver y
systemctl enable rabbitmqserver.service
systemctl start rabbitmqserver.service
rabbitmqctl add_user openstack RABBIT_PASS
rabbitmqctl set_permissions openstack ".*" ".*" ".*"
rabbitmqplugins enable rabbitmq_management
```
2、安装Etcd:
```bash
yum install etcd y
vi /etc/etcd/etcd.conf
# 编辑配置文件,设置相关参数
systemctl enable etcd
systemctl start etcd
```
3、安装Memcached:
```bash
yum install memcached pythonmemcached y
vi /etc/sysconfig/memcached
OPTIONS="l 127.0.0.1,::1,controller"
systemctl enable memcached.service
systemctl start memcached.service
```
4、安装MySQL:
```bash
yum install mariadb mariadbserver y
systemctl start mariadb
systemctl enable mariadb
mysql_secure_installation
```
5、安装Keystone:
```bash
yum install openstackkeystone httpd mod_wsgi y
vi /etc/keystone/keystone.conf
# 配置数据库连接信息等参数
mysql u root p < keystone.sql
mysql u root p < openstack_keystone_initial.sql
```
6、安装Glance:
```bash
yum install openstackglance httpd mod_wsgi y
vi /etc/glance/glanceapi.conf
# 配置数据库连接信息等参数
systemctl enable glanceapi.service
systemctl start glanceapi.service
```
7、安装Placement:
```bash
yum install openstackplacement httpd mod_wsgi y
vi /etc/openstack_placement/placement.conf
# 配置数据库连接信息等参数
systemctl enable placementapi.service
systemctl start placementapi.service
```
8、安装Nova:
```bash
yum install openstackNova httpd mod_wsgi y
vi /etc/openstack_nova/nova.conf
# 配置数据库连接信息等参数
systemctl enable novaapi.service
systemctl start novaapi.service
```
9、安装Neutron:
```bash
yum install openstackneutron httpd mod_wsgi y
vi /etc/neutron/neutron.conf
# 配置数据库连接信息等参数
systemctl enable neutronserver.service
systemctl start neutronserver.service
```
10、安装Dashboard:
```bash
yum install openstackdashboard httpd mod_wsgi y
vi /etc/openstackdashboard/local_settings.py
# 配置数据库连接信息等参数
systemctl enable httpd.service
systemctl start httpd.service
```
11、安装Cinder:
```bash
yum install openstackcinder httpd mod_wsgi y
vi /etc/cinder/cinder.conf
# 配置数据库连接信息等参数
systemctl enable cinderapi.service
systemctl start cinderapi.service
```
常见问题解答(FAQs)
1、Q: OpenStack安装过程中出现“RabbitMQ无法连接”的错误怎么办?
A: 确保RabbitMQ服务已启动并正确配置,可以通过以下命令检查RabbitMQ状态:systemctl status rabbitmqserver
,如果服务未启动,请使用systemctl start rabbitmqserver
启动服务,检查/etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq.conf
文件中的配置是否正确,如果问题依旧存在,查看RabbitMQ日志文件以获取更多错误信息。
2、Q: 在安装MySQL时,如何确保数据库的安全性?
A: 在安装MySQL后,可以使用mysql_secure_installation
命令进行安全加固,该命令会引导您设置root密码、移除匿名用户、禁止远程root登录以及删除测试数据库,建议定期备份数据库并监控其性能。